The convergence of digital transformation and the circular economy is reshaping how industries approach sustainability, resource efficiency, and economic growth. This integrated review explores the role of digital technologies—including the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, big data analytics, and cloud computing—in enabling circular economy principles across various sectors. By analyzing existing literature, the study identifies key drivers and challenges in the digitalization of circular practices, such as supply chain transparency, product life cycle extension, and closed-loop systems. The review also highlights opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and policy development that support scalable and sustainable business models. Findings suggest that while digital tools offer immense potential to accelerate circularity, barriers related to interoperability, data privacy, and infrastructure readiness must be addressed to unlock their full impact.

In this study, we investigate the effectiveness of various deep learning algorithms for customer segmentation in the banking sector, aiming to enhance targeted service delivery and customer experience. We employ a comprehensive pipeline encompassing data collection, preprocessing, feature selection, feature extraction, model development, and rigorous evaluation. Our dataset, derived from real-world banking customer profiles, was processed using normalization, encoding, and dimensionality reduction techniques. We implemented and compared eight models: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), CNN-LSTM Hybrid, Autoencoder-Based Network, and Deep Neural Network (DNN). Among them, the Autoencoder-Based model achieved the highest accuracy of 91.56%, outperforming others in terms of segmentation clarity and computational efficiency. These findings suggest that deep learning methods, particularly Autoencoder-Based architectures, offer robust solutions for real-time banking customer segmentation, enabling institutions to tailor products and services more effectively.