This study delves into the complex dynamics of Russian credit rates, focusing on the analysis of the term structure and its implications through the lens of arbitrage theory. By examining the intricacies of credit rates in the Russian financial landscape, we aim to unravel underlying patterns, trends, and arbitrage opportunities. Through quantitative analysis and theoretical exploration, we investigate the drivers of the term structure of credit rates in Russia and assess the relevance of arbitrage theory in understanding market dynamics. Our findings shed light on the factors shaping credit rates, including macroeconomic conditions, regulatory policies, and market participants' behavior. Additionally, we explore the role of arbitrage in mitigating inefficiencies and fostering market efficiency within the Russian credit landscape. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Russian credit markets and provides insights that inform investment decisions, risk management strategies, and regulatory policies.

Composite indicators play a pivotal role in summarizing complex phenomena into single measures for decision-making and policy formulation across various domains. This paper provides a comprehensive review of constructing composite indicators using multicriteria methods. Multicriteria methods offer a systematic approach to aggregating diverse indicators, each representing different dimensions of a phenomenon, into a unified composite index. The review explores key concepts, methodologies, and applications of multicriteria methods in constructing composite indicators. It discusses the underlying principles, such as weighting, normalization, and aggregation techniques, employed in multicriteria decision-making. Furthermore, the review examines the strengths, limitations, and best practices associated with multicriteria methods in constructing composite indicators. Insights from the review contribute to enhancing the understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of multicriteria methods in composite indicator construction across various fields.